What is Backhaul?
Backhaul (or return transport) is a logistics practice that involves planning the return journey of a transport vehicle so that it does not travel empty after making a delivery. Instead of the truck returning to base without cargo (known as "empty miles"), the company organizes the collection of goods from suppliers, transfers between warehouses, or even transport services for third parties on that same return route.
Strategic Relevance of Backhaul
In modern logistics, transportation is one of the highest costs. A vehicle traveling empty represents a waste of fuel, driver time, equipment wear, and CO2 emissions with no financial return. Backhaul transforms a passive cost center into an efficiency opportunity.
How Backhaul is Implemented in Practice
Supplier Collection
A retail company delivers products to its stores and, on the return to the Distribution Center, stops at a supplier's facilities to collect new orders.
Collaborative Transport
Two companies with complementary routes share the fleet; company A makes the delivery and company B uses the return of that truck for its own logistics, splitting shipping costs.
Reverse Logistics
Using the return trip to collect empty packaging, reusable pallets, or customer returns (e-commerce).
The Role of Technology (WMS and TMS) in Backhaul
Executing a successful Backhaul strategy is nearly impossible without integrated software support:
WMS + TMS Integration
The WMS communicates to the TMS that there is available space in the warehouse and that certain supplier orders are ready for pickup. The TMS, in turn, identifies which truck will be closest to that location after finishing its delivery route.
Real-Time Visibility
Through GPS tracking and driver communication, the system adjusts the return route in case of delays, ensuring the supplier's collection time window is met.
Profitability Calculation
The software allows comparing the cost of sending a specific transport to the supplier vs. the marginal cost of diverting an existing return route.
Direct Benefits
Drastic Cost Reduction
Decreased cost per kilometer traveled and optimization of own or subcontracted fleet.
Sustainability (Green Logistics)
Reduced carbon footprint by maximizing vehicle occupancy and reducing the number of trucks on the road.
Greater Supply Agility
Supplier products arrive more quickly at the central warehouse, improving stock levels.